Comparative Evaluation of Neem (Azadirachta Indica), Turmeric (Curcuma Longa), and Other Plant-Based Powders Against Pulse Beetles

Abstract

One of the most harmful post-harvest pests of stored pulses are the pulse beetles (Callosobruchus spp.) which cause serious reduction in weight, viability and market value of the seeds. In tropical and subtropical regions, where high temperatures and humidity accelerate the life cycle of the beetles and lead to population growth, infestation is very severe. Pesticide residues in food, contamination of the environment, and damage to the resiliency of beetle populations are all the results of the over-reliance on chemical insecticides for controlling these pests. As a result of this there is a growing need for sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives, such botanicals. This study is a comparative study of the efficacy of locally available plant powders viz., neem (Azadirachta indica) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) against Callosobruchus spp. associated with the stored pulses, particularly mungbean (Vigna radiata) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Effects of different powder concentrations on adult mortality, oviposition, larval penetration and seed damage were investigated over a storage period of 60 days. According to the results, neem powder was the most effective and there was significant inhibition of egg laying and adult mortality up to 85%. Beetle activity was moderately rejected (65-70%) by turmeric powder, however, the efficiency of other plant powders varied according to their phytochemical composition. The findings underscore the potential of botanicals as safe, inexpensive and biodegradable alternatives to synthetic chemicals. In addition to reducing post harvest losses, their use in the protection of stored pulses promotes ecologically friendly methods of pest control. Smallholder farmers may find useful ways to preserve the quality of seed, reduce financial losses and improve food security by adding these plant-based powders to storing systems.