Water Quality Assessment of Angul District, Odisha: A Comprehensive Study of Surface and Ground Water Contamination
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18106635Keywords:
BOD, COD, TDS, Water Quality AssessmentAbstract
This study aims to evaluate the physico chemical quality of surface and ground water in Angul district, Odisha, an industrial hub dominated by coal based and aluminium industries. Twenty sampling sites across rural, agricultural, industrial, and residential zones were monitored post monsoon. Samples were analysed for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, electrical conductivity (EC), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results show that pH ranged from 6.4 to 8.3; TDS from 200 to 1100 mg L 1; hardness from 120 to 450 mg L 1; chloride remained below 250 mg L 1 in most sites; nitrate reached up to 48 mg L 1; BOD varied from 1.5 to 6.8 mg L 1; COD values reached 90 mg L 1. Industrial zones exhibited higher TDS, hardness, and COD, while agricultural areas showed elevated nitrates. Comparative evaluation against BIS IS 10500:2012 and WHO standards indicates that several sites exceed permissible limits, signaling significant pollution. Spatial analysis highlights downstream contamination gradients. The study underscores the need for stringent effluent management, adoption of organic farming, community-based sanitation infrastructure, and real time monitoring. It contributes baseline data for policymakers and researchers in designing sustainable water resource management strategies.
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