Plant Microbe Interactions in the Context of Climate Change

Abstract

Plant and microbial diversity on our planet are either negatively or positively impacted by our activities, which play a significant role in climate change.  Temperature increases, droughts, and precipitation are examples of severe environmental occurrences that are becoming more often and intense as a result of climate change.  Food security is seriously threatened by the way soil-plant-microbe interactions have been affected by rising greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, CH4, NOx, water vapor), changes in rainfall patterns, and global warming. These anthropogenic stresses pose a major danger to agricultural productivity and plant function. Soil bacteria have a significant impact on plants' ability to withstand biotic and abiotic stressors.  These pressures cause the soil microbial populations to become sensitive and reactive. Plant and microbial function, variety, and eventually community structure is impacted by environmental and climatic changes such as warming, rising CO2, and moisture shortage. In order to structure terrestrial ecosystems, the interaction between plants and soil bacteria is crucial.  The life circumstances of plants and soil bacteria are being made worse by the predicted climate change.  The problems and environmental insecurity are long-lasting and do not only affect one kind of creature. As a result, a holistic approach to climate adaptation that recognizes the complexity of interactions between plants, microbes, and the environment will be required. The new methods for studying the molecular complexity of these interactions, such as genomic and sequencing approaches, which give researchers more precision, repeatability, and adaptability when investigating plant-microbe environment interactions in a changing climate. These methods will be useful in the current and future development of resistant crops and plants. The availability of methods and instruments has improved our knowledge of how plants react to microorganisms at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels during the past two decades. This article evaluates the larger implications of climate change on bacteria and plants that live in the soil.