Recent Trends in Agricultural Extension and Capacity Building of Farmers in India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21523830Keywords:
Agricultural extension, Capacity building, Climate-smart agriculture, Digital agriculture, Farmer empowerment, India, Information and Communication Technology (ICT)Abstract
In India agricultural extension has witnessed an overwhelming shift in paradigm from traditional technology-transfer model to a multifaceted, demand and market driven strategy with digitally enabled system. Witnessed several challenges- climate change, volatility in market, deterioration in farm profitability and natural resource degradation has demanded effective extension approaches for enhancement of capacity among farmers. According to reports, latest advancement included ICT- enabled advisory services, climate smart agriculture (CSA), digital agriculture, and farmers’ producers organization (FPOs), educational platforms for e-learning, artificial intelligence (AI), precision agriculture, along-with participatory extension methodologies. Synthesis of recent literature on emerging agricultural extension approaches and farmer capacity-building initiatives in India has been performed. This review highlighted significant challenges, trends, opportunities, and future directions for consolidating extension systems in order to boost farmers’ resilience, productivity and livelihood sustainability. Attributes like household size, farm size, training exposure, awareness of programmes on extension remarkably influenced farmer’s adoption through extension provision. The review focuses on literature published between 2009-2026. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple academic databases, including Google Scholar, Consensus, ResearchGate, etc. The review is both rigorous and reflective, capturing the depth and breadth of research on recent trends in agricultural extension and capacity building of farmers in India.
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