Smart Farming with IoT: A Paradigm Shift in Hydroponic Cultivation of Leafy Greens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16032445Keywords:
Automation, Hydroponics, Internet of Things, Smart Farming, Sustainable AgricultureAbstract
The use of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in hydroponics is a great contribution to sustainable agricultural development. This review examines the contribution of the rarely discussed IoT-driven systems in the enhancement of the production of green leafy vegetables by offering precise environmental control, real-time monitoring, and automation. Components of IoT, like sensors, actuators, and cloud-based analytics, will be used to optimize the use of water, nutrients delivery, lighting, and climate, resulting in a better crop yield, lower utilisation of resources, and the capacity to produce crops throughout the year. The most notable advantages are a higher water performance, reduced chemicals and the possibility of urban and vertical agriculture. Nevertheless, the main issues, including high startup costs, technical sophistication, and the need to maintain stable connectivity, stay in place. What is also outlined in the article are the advancements that are likely to be innovated in the future, AI-based automation, blockchain as a method to trace food, and renewable energy integration. In general, the IoT-enabled hydroponic system is a scalable, productive, and climate-adaptive system of organising food systems, in particular, in shortening cities, food security, and environmental sustainability amid global pressures in agriculture.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Md Farhan, Santosh Meena, Gayatri Sinha
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